The Role of Manganese in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.

Objectives: High manganese (Mn) levels during fetal growth or prolonged parenteral nutrition (PN) may have adverse effects on neurodevelopment. We aim to report on Mn levels and their short-term impact on clinical course in very low birth weight infants.

Methods: An observational study including newborns with a gestational age (GA) ≤32 weeks and/or ≤1500 g of birth weight (BW). Newborns received intravenous supplementation of Mn at 1 µg/kg/day (Peditrace ® ) in PN and continued with fortified breast milk. Mothers answered surveys about dietary and other habits and blood levels of Mn in newborns were analyzed at days 1, 15, and 30 of life. Associations of Mn levels with mothers' and newborns' data were evaluated and adjusted for multiple comparisons.

Results: One hundred and sixty premature infants were recruited. Median blood Mn levels at birth were 43.0 and 24.5 µg/L at day 30. No important association with mothers' data was found. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] duration of PN was 8 days (7-14). A prolonged PN and late oral feeding showed a nonsignificant association with lower blood Mn levels at day 30 ( P = 0.010, P threshold 0.003). Mn levels at day 15 and 30 were associated with increasing GA ( P < 0.001). Low Mn was not a significant predictor of adverse outcomes such as retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or respiratory distress syndrome after adjusting for potential confounders and multiple testing.

Conclusions: Mn showed lower levels with decreasing GA and prolonged PN. Using a low Mn PN solution may not raise blood Mn levels in premature infants.