Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 is a rare autosomal recessive disorder leading to oxalate overproduction by deficiency in the liver-specific enzyme alanine-glyoxylate transaminase (AGT). Oxalate is a poorly soluble molecule that binds calcium and deposits in the entire organism leading to oxalosis. Its elimination is mainly carried out by kidneys. Hence the first manifestations are frequently of urinary concern and whitout any early care, progression of the disease to end-stage renal failure cannot be avoided. The only etiological treatment has long been combined liver-kidney transplantation because it restaures enzymatic function and replaces pathological kidneys. However, for a few years now, numerous studies are carried out on this subject and promising results have already been published with a new drug, lumasiran. From a clinical case, we describe the different options for the therapeutic management of primary hyperoxaluria type 1.
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