A test for uteroplacental insufficiency based on the idea that a given maternal-foetal unit could be tested by decreasing intervillous space blood flow, offers an individual test for each foetus. Clinically, the use of uterine activity to decrease intervillous space blood flow is the most practical. Following Freeman's suggestion, authors use an endogenous oxytocin test, where the oxytocin discharge is induced by nipple stimulation (EOS).
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Neurosci Biobehav Rev
December 2024
King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London BR3 3BX, United Kingdom. Electronic address:
Oxytocin was hypothesised to play a critical role in forming and maintaining secure attachments, shown to confer resilience against affective disorders. The endogenous opioid system has also emerged as a key player in attachment dynamics. In this pre-registered systematic review, we investigated whether individual differences in the functioning of these neurochemical systems are related to attachment styles, following PRISMA guidelines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Commun
December 2024
Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
Individuals diagnosed with functional neurological disorder experience abnormal movement, gait, sensory processing or functional seizures, for which research into the pathophysiology identified psychosocial contributing factors as well as promising biomarkers. Recent pilot studies suggested that (epi-)genetic variants may act as vulnerability factors, for example, on the oxytocin pathway. This study set out to explore endogenous oxytocin hormone levels in saliva in a cohort of 59 functional neurological disorder patients and 65 healthy controls comparable in sex and age.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
February 2025
Direttore UOC Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Parma, Professore Ordinario di Ginecologia e Ostetricia, Direttore della Scuola di Specializzazione in Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Presidente del CdS OstetriciaUniversità di Parma, Italy. Electronic address:
Second stage of labor is considered to be associated with an increased risk of intrapartum fetal hypoxic injury. This is due to a combination of several risk factors such as -the increased frequency, strength and duration of uterine contractions due to higher number and affinity of myometrial oxytocin receptors; -the Ferguson's reflex which leads to a reflex release of endogenous oxytocin in response of the distension of the cervix by descending fetal head in late stages of labor; maternal expulsive efforts with the Valsalva manoeuvre that may reduce maternal oxygenation, as well as reduce the venous return and maternal cardiac output due to increased intrathoracic pressure, winch may lead to reduced placental oxygenation; - and increased fetal intracranial pressure due to head compression leading to a potential decrease in fetal cerebral oxygenation. In addition, the umbilical cord often forms one or more loops around the fetal neck, which may get tightened as the head descends leading to an acute and intermittent cessation of fetal oxygenation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neuroendocrinol
November 2024
Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Craniopharyngioma is a benign tumour affecting the hypothalamic and pituitary regions, which are involved in the production and secretion of oxytocin. We conducted a systematic review to assess dysregulation of the oxytocin system in craniopharyngioma and associations with neurobehavioural, eating, and metabolic abnormalities. Eight studies (n = 72 patients) were included.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochem Pharmacol
November 2024
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. Electronic address:
The antinociceptive effect of the opioid drugs is achieved through activation of the µ-opioid receptor (MOP). The orthosteric and allosteric sites of opioid receptors may be modulated, orthosteric site by endogenous i.e.
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