A transition from one developmental stage to another is accompanied by activation of developmental programs and corresponding gene ensembles. Changes in the spatial conformation of the corresponding loci are associated with this activation and can be investigated with the help of the Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) methodology. Application of 3C to specific developmental stages is a sophisticated task. Here, we describe the use of the 3C method to study the spatial organization of developmental loci in larvae. We critically analyzed the existing protocols and offered our own solutions and the optimized protocol to overcome limitations. To demonstrate the efficiency of our procedure, we studied the spatial organization of the developmental locus in 3rd instar larvae. Differences in locus conformation were found between embryonic cells and living wild-type larvae. We also observed the establishment of novel regulatory interactions in the presence of an adjacent transgene upon activation of its expression in larvae. Our work fills the gap in the application of the 3C method to larvae and provides a useful guide for establishing 3C on an animal model.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.734208 | DOI Listing |
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets
January 2025
Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, 492001, India.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results from the progressive loss of neurons in the brain followed by symptoms such as slowness and rigidity in movement, sleep disorders, dementia and many more. The different mechanisms due to which the neuronal degeneration occurs have been discussed, such as mutation in PD related genes, formation of Lewy bodies, oxidation of dopamine. This review discusses current surgical treatment and gene therapies with novel developments proposed for PD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMini Rev Med Chem
January 2025
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
Currently, the synthesis of bioactive sulfonamides using amino acid as a starting reagent has become an area of research interest in organic chemistry. Over the years, an amine-sulfonyl chloride reaction has been adopted as a common step in traditional sulfonamide synthetic methods. However, recent developments have shown amino acids to be better precursors than amines in the synthesis of sulfonamides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMini Rev Med Chem
January 2025
Research Institute for Medicines (imed), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
Topical application of ophthalmic drugs remains to be the preferred delivery method. Eye drops lead the pharmaceutical forms due to ease of application. Despite the poor bioavailability of drugs administered topically, especially related to the dilution and excretion by tear fluid, the absence of controlled drug delivery, and the poor compliance within pediatric and senior populations, eye drops and ointments are still the first choices in eye--related disorders management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets
January 2025
Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Haryana Chemistry Gurugram India.
Objectives: In the last two decades, scientists have gained a better understanding of several aspects of pituitary development. The signaling pathways that govern pituitary morphology and development have been identified, and the compensatory relationships among them are now known.
Aims: This paper aims to emphasize the wide variety of relationships between Pituitary Gland and Stem cells in hormone Production and disease prevention.
Curr Cardiol Rev
January 2025
Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.
Platelets, tiny cell fragments measuring 2-4 μm in diameter without a nucleus, play a crucial role in blood clotting and maintaining vascular integrity. Abnormalities in platelets, whether genetic or acquired, are linked to bleeding disorders, increased risk of blood clots, and cardiovascular diseases. Advanced proteomic techniques offer profound insights into the roles of platelets in hemostasis and their involvement in processes such as inflammation, metastasis, and thrombosis.
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