Determinants of Colorectal Cancer Screening among South Asian Americans.

Background: Colorectal cancer screening rates among South Asian Americans are among the lowest of US population groups. Few population-based studies have examined determinants of screening in this population. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with colorectal cancer screening among South Asian Americans.

Methods: Data from the 2001-2009 California Health Interview Survey and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine determinants of being non-adherent with colorectal cancer screening recommendations. Independent variables include sociodemographic and healthcare access measures.

Results: Overall, 49% of 459 South Asian Americans were non-adherent to screening recommendations. Characteristics associated with non-adherence were the absence of flu shot, absence of doctor visits, sole use of non-English language at home and ≤40% life spent in the United States. In the multivariable model, screening non-adherence was associated with ≤40% life in the United States (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 3.0 [1.4-6.5]), use of non-English at home (2.8 [1.0-7.8]) and no flu shot (2.5 [1.3-4.8]). Obese (BMI > 27.5 kg/m2) versus normal-weight patients were less likely to be non-adherent (0.4 [0.2-0.9]).

Conclusions: Length of time in the United States and language spoken at home rather than English proficiency were associated with non-adherence to colorectal cancer screening, reflecting the importance of acculturation and retention of cultural values. Health conditions and behaviors reflecting more proactive healthcare utilization may reinforce the importance of provider recommendations and perceived efficacy of health prevention. Qualitative research would inform cultural tailoring necessary to improve colorectal cancer screening rates among the rapidly growing South Asian American population.