The intrauterine environment can induce alterations of the epigenome that have a lasting impact on disease risk. Current human studies in the field focus on a single epigenetic mark, DNA methylation, measured in blood. For in-depth mechanistic insight into the developmental origins of disease, it will be crucial to consider innovative tissue types. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may serve as a novel tool to investigate the full epigenome beyond DNA methylation, to explore other omics levels, and to perform functional assays. Moreover, MSCs can be differentiated into multiple cell types and thereby mimic otherwise inaccessible cell types. A first wave of studies supports the potential of MSCs and illustrates how the innovative use of this cell type may be incorporated in birth cohorts.
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