OSTM1 pleiotropic roles from osteopetrosis to neurodegeneration.

Autosomal recessive osteopetroses (ARO) are rare genetic skeletal disorders of high clinical and molecular heterogeneity with an estimated frequency of 1:250,000 worldwide. The manifestations are diverse and although individually rare, the various forms contribute to the prevalence of a significant number of affected individuals with considerable morbidity and mortality. Among the ARO classification, the most severe form is the autosomal recessive-5 (OPTB5) osteopetrosis (OMIM 259720) that results from homozygous mutation in the OSTM1 gene (607649). OSTM1 mutations account for approximately 5 % of instances of autosomal recessive osteopetrosis and lead to a highly debilitating form of the disease in infancy and death within the first few years of life (Sobacchi et al., 2013) [1].