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Hypothalamic microstructure and function are related to body mass, but not mental or cognitive abilities across the adult lifespan. | LitMetric

Hypothalamic microstructure and function are related to body mass, but not mental or cognitive abilities across the adult lifespan.

Geroscience

Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.

Published: February 2023

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Aging affects brain regions like the hippocampus and hypothalamus, which may have important implications for physical, mental, and cognitive health as we age.
  • - A study with 369 participants explored how hypothalamic microstructure changes across the lifespan, finding that it remains stable despite mental and cognitive health variations but is influenced by body mass.
  • - Results indicated that changes in body mass impact connectivity with key brain regions linked to metabolism and reward, highlighting the need for further study into specific hypothalamic subunits.

Article Abstract

Physical, mental, and cognitive resources are essential for healthy aging. Aging impacts on the structural integrity of various brain regions, including the hippocampus. Even though recent rodent studies hint towards a critical role of the hypothalamus, there is limited evidence on functional consequences of age-related changes of this region in humans. Given its central role in metabolic regulation and affective processing and its connections to the hippocampus, it is plausible that hypothalamic integrity and connectivity are associated with functional age-related decline. We used data of n = 369 participants (18-88 years) from the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience repository to determine functional impacts of potential changes in hypothalamic microstructure across the lifespan. First, we identified age-related changes in microstructure as a function of physical, mental, and cognitive health and compared those findings to changes in hippocampal microstructure. Second, we investigated the relationship of hypothalamic microstructure and resting-state functional connectivity and related those changes to age as well as physical health. Our results showed that hypothalamic microstructure is not affected by depressive symptoms (mental health), cognitive performance (cognitive health), and comparatively stable across the lifespan, but affected by body mass (physical health). Furthermore, body mass changes connectivity to limbic regions including the hippocampus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens, suggesting functional alterations in the metabolic and reward systems. Our results demonstrate that hypothalamic structure and function are affected by body mass, focused on neural density and dispersion, but not inflammation. Still, observed effect sizes were small, encouraging detailed investigations of individual hypothalamic subunits.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886766PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11357-022-00630-3DOI Listing

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