The aim of our study was to determine the feasibility and efficacy of transaxillary (TAX) TAVI in patients not eligible for the transfemoral route. This is a retrospective study of a single center. We analysed 262 patients treated with TAVI. In 17 patients (6.5%), the procedure was performed with the TAX approach. Procedural and hospital data, 30-day safety, and clinical efficacy were assessed and compared between the transfemoral and TAX groups. In the TAX groups, we found a higher prevalence of men ( = 0.001), smokers ( = 0.033), and previous strokes ( = 0.02). The EUROSCORE II was higher in the TAX group ( = 0.014). The success rate of the device was 100%. TAX was associated with a longer procedure time ( = 0.001) and shorter median device time ( = 0.034) in minutes. Patients treated with TAX had a longer hospital stay ( = 0.005) and higher overall bleeding rate ( = 0.001). Peripheral neurological complications were more frequent with TAX ( = 0.001), which almost completely resolved by 30 days. TAX TAVI is safe and effective and should be considered as a second choice when transfemoral TAVI is not feasible due to severe comorbidities.
The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is an important economic safety net for many working families across America. Enacted in 1975, the credit provides credit to low- and moderate-income households with labor income. Receipt of the EITC has been demonstrated to provide substantial benefits to direct recipients, benefits that cascade intergenerationally, and benefits for communities in which recipients reside.
This paper examines, using exogenous variation generated by a Finnish pension reform implemented in 2005, the interplay between health and financial incentives to postpone retirement. Based on detailed administrative data on individual health and retirement behavior, we focus on whether individual reactions to incentives vary according to health status and analyze whether individuals with ill health are also able to take advantage of the potential monetary benefits of delayed retirement created by the reform. We find that on average, individuals react to the financial incentives created by the reform as expected.
Background: A large number of people in Germany have no health insurance. Their access to the official healthcare system is significantly more difficult or impossible. Charitable institutions try to provide medical care and create parallel healthcare structures.
This study aims to expand the understanding of public acceptance of carbon taxes by exploring the role of habits. Habits play a pivotal role in guiding our behaviors and reasoning and can even influence our self perception and identity but remain an underexplored variable in relation to public policy acceptance. We employed a large scale (N > 5200) national survey to measure public acceptance of higher carbon taxation in Sweden, also capturing car driving habits, car usage, and other relevant variables.
