Incels (a term for those who identify as involuntarily celibate) are most commonly heterosexual men who believe that they are sexually rejected by women because of their genetics and the advent of feminism. The incel movement has grown over the past two decades, with help from the internet. The incel worldview is centered around entitlement, the inferiority of women, and fatalism, which they discuss using specific jargon and idioms. Incels may be referred for various types of forensic psychiatric evaluations as a result of their unusual beliefs, as well as engagement in acts of violence related to their worldview. Understanding the extant literature about the incel population, worldview, and mental health concerns will help forensic psychiatrists to identify members of this subgroup, which will assist in completing forensic evaluations.
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Predicting hostility towards women: incel-related factors in a general sample of men.
Scand J Psychol
February 2025
Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Hostility towards women is a type of prejudice that can have adverse effects on women and society, but research on predictors of men's hostility towards women is limited. The present study primarily introduced predictors associated with misogynist involuntary celibates (incels), and then investigated whether loneliness, rejection, attractiveness, number of romantic and sexual partners, right-wing authoritarianism, and gaming predicted hostility towards women among a more general sample of men. A total of 473 men (aged 18-35, single, heterosexual, UK residents) recruited via Prolific answered the hostile sexism subscale, the misogyny scale, the self-perceived sexual attractiveness scale, the right-wing authoritarianism scale, the game addiction scale for adolescents, the adult rejection-sensitivity scale, the UCLA loneliness scale, and self-developed questions regarding number of sexual and romantic partners, and time spent gaming.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Angry Echo Chamber: A Study of Extremist and Emotional Language Changes in Incel Communities Over Time.
J Interpers Violence
November 2024
University of Reno, NV, USA.
Involuntary celibates, or incels, are part of a growing online subculture. Incels are men who are unable to engage in a sexual relationship with a woman and who experience significant distress and anger as a result. In recent years, high-profile incidents of violence perpetrated by incels or those who share incel ideology have increased research attention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncels, autism, and hopelessness: affective incorporation of online interaction as a challenge for phenomenological psychopathology.
Front Psychol
December 2023
Section of Phenomenological Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Recent research has drawn attention to the prevalence of self-reported autism within online communities of involuntary celibates (incels). These studies suggest that some individuals with autism may be particularly vulnerable to the impact of incel forums and the hopelessness they generate. However, a more precise description of the experiential connection between inceldom, self-reported autism, and hopelessness has remained unarticulated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvoluntary celibates ("incels") refers to a group consisting mostly of heterosexual men that exists predominantly in online spaces. These men are united by a belief that they are victimized by a postfeminist society, leading to an inability to engage in sexual intimacy with women. Recent acts of mass violence have been linked to self-identified incels, leading to an increased need for awareness of incel worldviews, argot, and demographics among psychiatrists.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Mating Psychology of Incels (Involuntary Celibates): Misfortunes, Misperceptions, and Misrepresentations.
J Sex Res
September 2024
Centre for Culture and Evolution, Brunel University London.
Mating represents a suite of fundamental adaptive problems for humans. Yet a community of men, called incels (involuntary celibates), forge their identity around their perceived inability to solve these problems. Many incels engage in misogynistic online hostility, and there are concerns about violence stemming from the community.
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