AI Article Synopsis

  • The study focuses on how different variants of concern (VOCs) of the coronavirus, particularly Beta and Delta, produce varying antibody responses in infected individuals compared to the original D614G variant.
  • Beta and Delta variants show a broader cross-reactivity in antibody responses, but neither variant induces strong cross-reactive responses towards each other; however, Beta plasma shows high reactivity to a related variant, Delta Plus, pointing to specific mutation targets.
  • Researchers isolated a monoclonal antibody from a Beta-infected individual, which demonstrated the ability to neutralize multiple VOCs by targeting a specific shared mutation (N417), offering insights for developing better antibody treatments and vaccines.

Article Abstract

As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve, several variants of concern (VOCs) have arisen which are defined by multiple mutations in their spike proteins. These VOCs have shown variable escape from antibody responses and have been shown to trigger qualitatively different antibody responses during infection. By studying plasma from individuals infected with either the original D614G, Beta, or Delta variants, we showed that the Beta and Delta variants elicit antibody responses that are overall more cross-reactive than those triggered by D614G. Patterns of cross-reactivity varied, and the Beta and Delta variants did not elicit cross-reactive responses to each other. However, Beta-elicited plasma was highly cross-reactive against Delta Plus (Delta+), which differs from Delta by a single K417N mutation in the receptor binding domain, suggesting that the plasma response targets the N417 residue. To probe this further, we isolated monoclonal antibodies from a Beta-infected individual with plasma responses against Beta, Delta+, and Omicron, which all possess the N417 residue. We isolated an N417-dependent antibody, 084-7D, which showed similar neutralization breadth to the plasma. The 084-7D MAb utilized the IGHV3-23*01 germ line gene and had somatic hypermutations similar to those of previously described public antibodies which target the 417 residue. Thus, we have identified a novel antibody which targets a shared epitope found on three distinct VOCs, enabling their cross-neutralization. Understanding antibodies targeting escape mutations, such as K417N, which repeatedly emerge through convergent evolution in SARS-CoV-2 variants, may aid in the development of next-generation antibody therapeutics and vaccines. The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in variants of concern (VOCs) with distinct spike mutations conferring various immune escape profiles. These variable mutations also influence the cross-reactivity of the antibody response mounted by individuals infected with each of these variants. This study sought to understand the antibody responses elicited by different SARS-CoV-2 variants and to define shared epitopes. We show that Beta and Delta infections resulted in antibody responses that were more cross-reactive than the original D614G variant, but they had differing patterns of cross-reactivity. We further isolated an antibody from Beta infection which targeted the N417 site, enabling cross-neutralization of Beta, Delta+, and Omicron, all of which possess this residue. The discovery of antibodies which target escape mutations common to multiple variants highlights conserved epitopes to target in future vaccines and therapeutics.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9364786PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00558-22DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

beta delta
20
antibody responses
20
delta variants
16
sars-cov-2 variants
12
variants
10
antibody
10
beta
8
variants concern
8
concern vocs
8
individuals infected
8

Similar Publications

Association of Hepatic Gene Expression with Chemical Concentrations in Wild-Collected Double-Crested Cormorant Embryos using an EcoToxChip Gene Array.

Environ Sci Technol

December 2024

Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.

Contaminant monitoring programs use wild bird eggs, but determining whether measured concentrations elicit adverse effects relies on extrapolation from toxicity studies with avian model species. Here, we directly evaluated the relationships between whole embryo contaminant concentrations and mRNA expression in liver tissue of the double-crested cormorant (). Eggs collected from three North American sites (one from Lake Erie and two from the Salish Sea) were artificially incubated until pipping.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Across-the-board review on Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant.

Inflammopharmacology

December 2024

Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a cataclysmic pandemic. Several SARS-CoV-2 mutations have been found and reported since the COVID-19 pandemic began. After the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants, the Omicron (B.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

EEG brain networks modulation during sleep onset: the effects of aging.

Geroscience

December 2024

Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele, Via Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy.

The aim of the present study is to investigate differences in brain networks modulation during the pre- and post-sleep onset period, both within and between two groups of young and older individuals. Thirty-six healthy elderly and 40 young subjects participated. EEG signals were recorded during pre- and post-sleep onset periods and functional connectivity analysis, specifically focusing on the small world (SW) index, applied to EEG data (i.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The present study investigated the chemical composition of essential oil from Tetrapanax papyrifer and evaluated its antioxidant and anti-α-glucosidase activity. Sixty-one essential oil compounds from Tetrapanax papyrifer were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The essential oil is rich in sesquiterpenoids (96.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Unlabelled: Stress is ubiquitous in daily life. Subcortical and cortical regions closely interact to respond to stress. Delta-beta cross-frequency coupling (CFC), believed to signify communication between different brain areas, can serve as a neural signature underlying the heterogeneity in stress responses.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: fwrite(): Write of 34 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 272

Backtrace:

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_write_close(): Failed to write session data using user defined save handler. (session.save_path: /var/lib/php/sessions)

Filename: Unknown

Line Number: 0

Backtrace: