Often research efforts that address both the practical concerns of managing spp. and understanding their basic biology involve greenhouse reproduction assays. However, there is little consensus in regards to what parameters should be used to conduct greenhouse assays. The goal of this research was to evaluate how pot size, spp. inoculation life stage, inoculation density, and time of assay impacted final reproduction factor (RF = initial nematode density/final nematode density) values. In experiments with , the factor of the pot size mattered, with higher RF values in pots containing 500 g soil pots with 100 g soil; larger pots containing 3,000 g soil did not have RF values different from the aforementioned sizes. Inoculating with J2 resulted in RF values on average of >2 fold higher then when inoculating with eggs at comparable densities. Inoculation density of did not have an impact on final RF values. In experiments that considered time of assay, three species were evaluated: , and There was no difference in RF values when assays were conducted for 5 wk, 6 wk, 7 wk, and 8 wk. However, a longer assay time resulted in higher RF values for and , with at least a 7 week assay required. In conclusion, a moderate pot size (500 g of soil) inoculated with J2 resulted in maximum RF values. The length of the assay required will depend on the spp. in question, with longer duration assays required for and than for
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-0012 | DOI Listing |
Nat Commun
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Phase separation of specific proteins into liquid-like condensates is a key mechanism for forming membrane-less organelles, which organize diverse cellular processes in space and time. These protein condensates hold immense potential as biomaterials capable of containing specific sets of biomolecules with high densities and dynamic liquid properties. Despite their appeal, methods to manipulate protein condensate materials remain largely unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
We report the fabrication and characterization of a Bi(III) oxide/polypyrrole (BiO/Ppy) nanocomposite thin film optoelectronic photodetector synthesized by a simple one-pot method. The nanocomposite consists of spherical BiO nanoparticles embedded in a Ppy matrix, forming a porous structure with a high surface area. The XRD analysis reveals that the BiO nanoparticles have a poly-crystalline nature with a crystal size of 40 nm and an optical bandgap of 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanoscale
January 2025
Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
Tunable optical properties exhibited by semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) in the near infrared (NIR) spectral region are of particular interest in various applications, such as telecommunications, bioimaging, photodetection, photovoltaics, . While lead and mercury chalcogenide NCs do exhibit exemplary optical properties in the NIR, Cu-In-Se (CISe)-based NCs are a suitable environment-friendly alternative to these toxic materials. Several reports of NIR-emitting (quasi)spherical CISe NCs have been published, but their more complex-shaped counterparts remain rather less explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Polym
March 2025
Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China. Electronic address:
Cuproptosis shows great prospects in cancer treatments. However, insufficient intracellular copper amount, low-level redox homeostasis, and hypoxic tumor microenvironment severely restrict cuproptosis efficacy. Herein, hydrazided hyaluronan-templated decorated CuO-doxorubicin (CuDT) nanodot clusters (NCs) are developed for efficient doxorubicin (DOX)-sensitized cuproptosis therapy in breast cancer via a three-pronged strategy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 641112, India; Functional Materials Laboratory, Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 641112, India. Electronic address:
The effectiveness and safety of nanomaterials (NMs) are essential for their use in healthcare. This study focuses on creating NPs with multifunctional antibacterial and anticancer properties to combat bacterial infections and cancer disease more effectively than traditional antibiotics. This study investigates the synthesis of ZrO and chitosan (ch) coated zirconium oxide nanoparticles (chZrO NPs) using Bougainvillea glabra (B.
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