Fusarium species infect the major cereals consumed as food and feed, contaminating them with various toxic secondary metabolites known as toxins. Among these toxins, which include trichothecenes, zearalenone (ZEA), and fumonisins, the type-B trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON) is generally considered as the most important. The present study evaluates an analytical method for the detection and quantification of multiple Fusarium toxins, namely, DON, acetyl forms of DON (3-Ac-DON and 15-Ac-DON), a glycoside form of DON (DON-3G), and other Fusarium toxins (nivalenol, an acetyl form of NIV (fusarenonX), T-2 and HT-2 toxins, diacetoxyscirpenol, and ZEA) in Job's tears and buckwheat.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.63.117 | DOI Listing |
Front Microbiol
January 2025
Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Mycotoxicology, Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.
Introduction: Microbial contamination remains a vital challenge across the food production chain, particularly due to mycotoxins-secondary metabolites produced by several genera of fungi such as , and . These toxins, including aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxins, and trichothecenes (nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, T2, HT-2). These contaminants pose severe risks to human and animal health, with their potential to produce a variety of different toxic effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcotoxicol Environ Saf
January 2025
Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program of Genomic Data Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Program of Total Foodtech and PNU-Korea Maritime Institute (KMI) Collaborative Research Center, Busan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a prevalent mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, contaminates global agricultural products and poses significant health risks, particularly to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. DON exposure disrupts ribosomal function, inducing stress responses linked to various inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we elucidate a novel regulatory mechanism involving ribosomal proteins (RPs) RPL13A and RPS3, which mediate proinflammatory chemokine production in DON-exposed gut epithelial cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFungal Genet Biol
January 2025
Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. Electronic address:
Zymocin-like killer toxins are anticodon nucleases secreted by some budding yeast species, which kill competitor yeasts by cleaving tRNA molecules. They are encoded by virus-like elements (VLEs), cytosolic linear DNA molecules that are also called killer plasmids. To date, toxins of this type have been found only in budding yeast species (Saccharomycotina).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
December 2024
Cereal Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
Fusarium graminearum is a primary cause of Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat and barley. The fungus produces trichothecene mycotoxins that render grain unsuitable for food, feed, or malt. Isolates of F.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Razi Inst
June 2024
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Mycotoxins are toxins produced by various types of fungi, including , which can produce different types of mycotoxins, such as Deoxynivalenol (DON), Zearalenone, T-2 toxin, and Fumonisins (FUM). Mycotoxins have the potential to reduce the quality of crops and pose health risks to both humans and animals. This can result in reduced animal production and substantial economic consequences on a global scale.
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