Prevalence of Primary Liver Cancer is Affected by Place of Birth in Hispanic People Residing in the United States: All of Us Research Program Report.

Background: Hispanic individuals have a disproportionately higher incidence and mortality for stomach, cervix, and liver cancers compared to Non-Hispanic White people. Since disparities in cancer incidence are influenced by multiple factors including immigration, elucidating the effect of birthplace and exposure to risk factors on the prevalence of these cancers is crucial for identifying high-risk populations and target risk reduction interventions.

Methods: The National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program is a prospective, multidimensional biomedical data resource of underrepresented, minoritized people. The Registered Tier Dataset v5 was utilized to evaluate the prevalence and risk of stomach, cervix, and liver cancers among United States (US) born and non-US born Hispanic participants.

Results: Of over 434 000 current participants, 60 540 are Hispanic; 30 803 (50.9%) reported being US born and 29 294 (48.4%) non-US born. Non-US born Hispanic participants had significantly higher prevalence (.39% vs .21%, < .001) and associated risk (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.29-2.64, < .001) of liver cancer, and trend towards higher prevalence of stomach (.14% vs .09%, = .076) and cervix cancers (.27% vs .20%, = .083) compared to US born counterparts. US born Hispanic patients with these 3 cancers were significantly younger than non-US born cohort (mean age 56.8 vs 61.7 years, < .001).

Discussion: This is the first report using All of Us data to show that non-US born Hispanic participants have a higher risk of liver cancer compared to US born participants. Further analyses, including genomic studies, are necessary to understand these differences and identify targets for risk reduction interventions.