Lymph nodes are important front-line defense immune tissues, which also act against inflammatory diseases and cancer. Lymph nodes undergo extensive upheavals within newly formed germinal centers (GCs) when exposed to antigens, the molecular mechanisms of which remain elusive. Recently, p38γ was identified as an important target for multiple cancers, including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). We previously observed that p38γ is overexpressed in CTCL versus normal cells, but it is not clear if p38γ is expressed in B or T lymphocytes of GCs of patients in response to a stress such as cancer. Therefore, in this study, we obtained non-metastatic reactive lymph nodes adjacent to cancer lesions (colorectal adenocarcinoma), then performed multicolor immunohistochemical staining for p38γ and other relevant markers. We observed for the first time that p38γ was expressed in the light zone of activated B cells and T helper cells in GCs, whereas DNA-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), a marker for GC B cells, was highly expressed in centrocytes and in the dark zone of GCs. This inverse relationship suggests a novel function for p38γ in T cells that cross-talk to B cells in response to stress.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jha2.50 | DOI Listing |
Viruses
December 2024
Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been detected in multiple animal species, including white-tailed deer (WTD), raising concerns about zoonotic transmission, particularly in environments with frequent human interactions. To understand how human exposure influences SARS-CoV-2 infection in WTD, we compared infection and exposure prevalence between farmed and free-ranging deer populations in Florida. We also examined the timing and viral variants in WTD relative to those in Florida's human population.
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November 2024
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Robust CD8 T cell responses are critical for the control of HIV infection in both adults and children. Our understanding of the mechanisms driving these responses is based largely on studies of cells circulating in peripheral blood in adults, but the regulation of CD8 T cell responses in tissue sites is poorly understood, particularly in pediatric infections. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that regulates gene transcription.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
December 2024
Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Background/objectives: The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a multifunctional receptor proposed as a possible drug target for inflammatory bowel disease. We showed previously that CaSR inhibition with NPS 2143, a negative allosteric modulator of the CaSR, somewhat ameliorated the symptoms of chemically induced severe colitis in mice. However, it was unclear whether the potential of CaSR inhibition to reduce colitis may have been overshadowed by the severity of the induced inflammation in our previous study.
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December 2024
Department of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Background/objective: Ultraviolet (UV) B radiation leads to DNA damage by generating cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). UVB-induced CPDs can also result in immune suppression, which is a major risk factor for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). UVB-induced CPDs are repaired by nucleotide repair mechanisms (NER) mediated by xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathogens
December 2024
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Disease monitoring informs the opportunities for intervention by natural resource agencies tasked with managing chronic wasting disease (CWD) in wild cervids. However, allocating funds toward testing can reduce those available for education, outreach, and disease reduction. Implementation of more efficient testing strategies can help meet both an expanding need by resource managers and a burgeoning demand from the hunting public in North America.
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