Differentiation of three commercial tuna species through Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry based lipidomics and chemometrics.

Mislabeling and adulteration of tuna are common due to the diminishing of morphological characteristics during processing. The tuna authenticity is now being focused in the seafood supply chain. In this study, the lipid profiles of 3 commercial tuna species (skipjack tuna, bigeye tuna and yellowfin tuna) were investigated via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS). A total of 439 lipid species were identified and semi-quantitated by MS-DIAL. Further biomarkers discovery was carried out by chemometrics, leading to 27 lipids being identified as potential lipid biomarkers. Comparisons to reference standards revealed that lipid biomarkers were effective for discrimination of different tuna species. Interestingly, the proposed lipid biomarkers were all glycerophospholipids, implying that they might be the focus of future study.