An in vitro bone triple culture involving human primary osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts enables the investigation of bone healing factors, drugs or biomaterials in a model system for native bone tissue. The present study analyses the impact of Sr as well as hypoxic cultivation (5% O content or chemically induced by Co) on bone cells. The three cell types were cultivated together in the presence of 100 µM Sr, hypoxic conditions or in the presence of 75 µM Co. After cultivation the cell types were separated and analysed on mRNA and protein level individually. In response to Sr osteoblasts showed a downregulation of IBSP expression and a stimulation of ALP activity. Osteocyte gene marker expression of PDPN, MEPE, RANKL, OPG, osteocalcin and likewise the amount of secreted osteocalcin was reduced in the presence of Sr. Activity of osteoclast-specific enzymes TRAP and CAII was enhanced compared to the Sr free control. Hypoxic conditions induced by both 5% O or a Co treatment led to decreased DNA content of all bone cells and downregulated expression of osteoblast markers ALPL and IBSP as well as osteocyte markers PDPN, RANKL and OPG. In addition, Co induced hypoxia decreased gene and protein expression of osteocalcin in osteocytes. In response to the Co treatment, the TRAP gene expression and activity was increased. This study is the first to analyse the effects of Sr or hypoxia on triple cultures with primary human bone cells. The investigated in vitro bone model might be suitable to reduce animal experiments in early stages of biomaterial and drug development.
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