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| http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/JMU.JMU_12_21 | DOI Listing |
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Comparative analysis of creative problem solving tasks across age groups using modular cube robotics.
Front Robot AI
December 2024
MSc SmartEdTech, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
Creative Problem Solving (CPS) is an important competency when using digital artifacts for educational purposes. Using a dual-process approach, this study examines the divergent thinking scores (fluidity, flexibility, and originality) and problem-solving speed in CPS of different age groups. Participants engaged in CreaCube CPS tasks with educational robotics for two consecutive instances, with performance analyzed to explore the influence of prior experience and creative intentions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLC-ESI-MS/MS is a preferred method for detecting and identifying metabolites, including those that are unpredictable from the genome, especially in basal metazoans like Cnidaria, which diverged earlier than bilaterians and whose metabolism is poorly understood. However, the unexpected appearance of a "ghost peak" for dopamine, which exhibited the same m/z value and MS/MS product ion spectrum during an analysis of Nematostella vectensis, a model cnidarian, complicated its accurate identification. Understanding the mechanism by which "ghost peaks" appear is crucial to accurately identify the monoamine repertoire in early animals so as to avoid misassignments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPredicting the high intensity focused ultrasound focus in vivo using acoustic radiation force imaging.
Med Phys
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Background: One big challenge in the noninvasive high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) surgery is that the location and shape of its focus is unpredictable at the preoperative stage due to the complexity of sound wave propagation. The Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging is a potential solution to this problem, but artifacts resulting from shear wave propagation remain to be solved.
Purpose: In this study, we proposed avoiding those artefacts by applying the ARFI technique at a high imaging frame rate within a very short time before the shear waves start to propagate.
Quantifying the uniqueness and divisiveness of presidential discourse.
PNAS Nexus
October 2024
Department of Computer Science, The University of Chicago, 5730 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Do American presidents speak discernibly different from each other? If so, in what ways? And are these differences confined to any single medium of communication? To investigate these questions, this paper introduces a novel metric of uniqueness based on large language models, develops a new lexicon for divisive speech, and presents a framework for assessing the distinctive ways in which presidents speak about their political opponents. Applying these tools to a variety of corpora of presidential speeches, we find considerable evidence that Donald Trump's speech patterns diverge from those of all major party nominees for the presidency in recent history. Trump is significantly more distinctive than his fellow Republicans, whose uniqueness values appear closer to those of the Democrats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSAFARI: Pangenome Alignment of Ancient DNA Using Purine/Pyrimidine Encodings.
bioRxiv
October 2024
Department of Health Technology, Section for Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Aligning DNA sequences retrieved from fossils or other paleontological artifacts, referred to as ancient DNA, is particularly challenging due to the short sequence length and chemical damage which creates a specific pattern of substitution (C→T and G→A) in addition to the heightened divergence between the sample and the reference genome thus exacerbating reference bias. This bias can be mitigated by aligning to pangenome graphs to incorporate documented organismic variation, but this approach still suffers from substitution patterns due to chemical damage. We introduce a novel methodology introducing the RYmer index, a variant of the commonly-used minimizer index which represents purines (A,G) and pyrimidines (C,T) as R and Y respectively.
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