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Autonomic correlates of defense responses, including tonic immobility (TI).
Prog Brain Res
April 2022
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Animal models of autonomic correlates of defense behavior range from fish to mammals. There is however no study reporting heart and respiratory rate, blood pressure and body temperature simultaneously recorded in the same animal in association to different forms of immobility in response to threat: freezing, restraint-sustained immobility and tonic immobility (TI). In a prey/ predator context freezing behavior is associated with bradycardia and no change in blood pressure but in other conditions (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGrapevine comparative early transcriptomic profiling suggests that Flavescence dorée phytoplasma represses plant responses induced by vector feeding in susceptible varieties.
BMC Genomics
June 2019
CREA Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, 31015, Conegliano (TV), Italy.
Background: Flavescence dorée is the most serious grapevine yellows disease in Europe. It is caused by phytoplasmas which are transmitted from grapevine to grapevine by the leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus. Differences in susceptibility among grapevine varieties suggest the existence of specific genetic features associated with resistance to the phytoplasma and/or possibly with its vector.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFΒ-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine (BMAA) Toxicity Is Gender and Exposure-Age Dependent in Rats.
Toxins (Basel)
December 2017
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77 000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa.
Cyanobacterial β--methylamino--alanine (BMAA) has been suggested as a causative or contributory factor in the development of several neurodegenerative diseases. However, no BMAA animal model has adequately shown clinical or behavioral symptoms that correspond to those seen in either Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or Parkinson's Disease (PD). We present here the first data that show that when neonatal rats were exposed to BMAA on postnatal days 3, 4 and 5, but not on gestational day 14 or postnatally on days 7 or 10, several AD and/or PD-related behavioral, locomotor and cognitive deficits developed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe gut microbiome.
Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets
June 2015
Medical Center, Multidisciplinary Private Practice Office, Corso Einaudi 18a, 10129 Torino, Italy.
Since the discovery and use of the microscope in the 17(th) century, we know that we host trillions of micro-organisms mostly in the form of bacteria indwelling the "barrier organs" skin, gut, and airways. They exert regulatory functions, are in a continuous dialogue with the intestinal epithelia, influence energy handling, produce nutrients, and may cause diabetes and obesity. The human microbiome has developed by modulating or avoiding inflammatory responses; the host senses bacterial presence through cell surface sensors (the Toll-like receptors) as well as by refining mucous barriers as passive defense mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of 1.5 and 3 Gy from high-energy protons (165 MeV) on rat's motor and oriented trying activities, rate of the Y-labyrinth learning with electric pain stimulation, and levels of monoamines and their metabolites in different brain structures were studied. The experimental results showed that irradiation with these proton doses caused considerable inhibition of the motor and oriented trying activities, and strengthening of passive defense reactions in the open field test; however, no significant change was induced in the learning rate or monoamines turnover.
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