State of Soil Gels in Soddy-Podzolic Soil Samples Prepared for Viscosimetry by Different Methods.

As is well known from the mid-20th century, films of organomineral gels cover and bind soil particles in soils. Soil contact with water has been shown to lead to water absorption by gels and gel swelling. The change of gel properties in soils should manifest itself in a change in the viscosity of soil pastes. A vibrating viscometer was proposed to use to determine the viscosity of soil pastes. The physical meaning laid down in Einstein's formula was used to interpret the results. This made it possible to assess the degree of gel swelling by the amount of water that remained capable of moving independently of soil particles, that is, was not included in soil gels (free water). The effect on the degree of swelling of soil gels was studied for (1) the moisture content in soil samples used to prepare soil pastes, (2) the time after adding water during the preparation of soil samples used subsequently to obtain soil pastes, and (3) the sample preparation of soil samples (initial, autoclaved, or dried to air-dry and absolutely dry states and re-moistened) used to obtain soil pastes. Experiments showed that (1) the degree of swelling of soil gels increased with the increasing moisture content in soil samples, (2) a longer time of interaction of soil samples with water led to a greater degree of swelling of soil gels, and (3) different degrees of swelling of soil gels were observed in pastes prepared from soil samples that had the same moisture content, but differed in sample preparation protocol.