AI Article Synopsis
- An estimated 1,000,000 cases of domestic salmonellosis are linked to food sources, with around 360,000 cases tied specifically to meat, poultry, and egg products regulated by FSIS.
- Vaccination programs for poultry, cattle, and swine in the U.S. have successfully reduced certain Salmonella strains, but the study highlighted the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica in food animals and meat.
- Whole-genome sequencing revealed complex AMR profiles and virulence factors that enhance the pathogens' fitness, indicating that the spread of these traits in the food supply could pose serious risks to human health.
Article Abstract
An estimated 1000,000 domestic salmonellosis cases are attributed to food as a vehicle of exposure. Among Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)-regulated products, approximately 360,000 salmonellosis cases are associated with consumption of meat, poultry, and egg products. Salmonella vaccination programs instituted in U.S. poultry, cattle, and swine production have effectively reduced the prevalence of common Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Choleraesuis (swine), and Dublin (cattle) in the past several years, with some evidence of cross-immunity to other serovars. This study investigated S. enterica (n = 741) from live food animals, meat carcasses at production, and retail meat in North Carolina collected January 2018 to December 2019. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatics were used to molecularly characterize and compare AMR profiles, virulence, and phylogeny of Salmonella at three stages of food processing. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmids identified also contained the integrase recombinase virulence factor int associated with mobile integrons, qacE conferred quaternary ammonia resistance, and diverse AMR profiles. MDR Plasmid IncFIB(K)_1_Kpn3_JN233704, with virulence factor int had 51 different AMR profiles within poultry S. enterica Infantis isolates. Plasmid-mediated virulence factors also appear to provide a fitness advantage, as the dominant S. enterica serotype Kentucky in chicken retail meat held the greatest diversity of plasmid-mediated colicin virulence genes which are often upregulated by environmental stressors and confer a competitive advantage. Mobile genetic element recombination is increasing pathogen fitness in the food chain through the dissemination of virulence factors and resistance genes to clinically important antibiotics, posing a significant threat to human health.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109821 | DOI Listing |
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