Strain Specific Variations in Complement Sensitivity.

The complement system is required for innate immunity against , an important cause of antibiotic resistant systemic infections. strains differ in their susceptibility to the membrane attack complex (MAC) formed from terminal complement pathway proteins, but the reasons for this variation remain poorly understood. We have characterized in detail the complement sensitivity phenotypes of nine clinical strains and some of the factors that might influence differences between strains. Using laboratory strains and flow cytometry assays, we first reconfirmed that both opsonization with the complement proteins C3b/iC3b and MAC formation were inhibited by the capsule. There were marked differences in C3b/iC3b and MAC binding between the nine clinical strains, but this variation was partially independent of capsule composition or size. Opsonization with C3b/iC3b improved neutrophil phagocytosis of most strains. Importantly, although C3b/iC3b binding and MAC formation on the bacterial surface correlated closely, MAC formation did not correlate with variations between strains in their levels of serum resistance. Genomic analysis identified only limited differences between strains in the distribution of genes required for serum resistance, but RNAseq data identified three complement-resistance genes that were differentially regulated between a MAC resistant and two MAC intermediate resistant strains when cultured in serum. These data demonstrate that clinical strains vary in their sensitivity to different aspects of the complement system, and that the serum resistance phenotype was influenced by factors in addition to the amount of MAC forming on the bacterial surface.