Arsenic is one of the most prevalent toxic elements in the environment, and its toxicity affects every organism. Arsenic resistance has mainly been observed in microorganisms, and, in bacteria, it has been associated with the presence of the Ars operon. In , three genes confer arsenic resistance: , , and . Unlike bacteria, in which the presence of the Ars genes confers per se resistance to arsenic, most of the isolates present the three genes, regardless of whether the strain is resistant or sensitive to arsenic. To assess the genetic features that make natural strains resistant to arsenic, we used a combination of comparative genomic hybridization, whole-genome sequencing, and transcriptomics profiling with microarray analyses. We observed that both the presence and the genomic location of multiple copies of the whole cluster of genes were central to the escape from subtelomeric silencing and the acquisition of resistance to arsenic. As a result of the repositioning, the genes were expressed even in the absence of arsenic. In addition to their relevance in improving our understanding of the mechanism of arsenic resistance in yeast, these results provide evidence for a new cluster of functionally related genes that are independently duplicated and translocated.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9266342PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138119DOI Listing

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