Objective: Transfer RNA (tRNA) is involved in the acute stress response, which results in conformational changes and subsequent fragmentation. Using an antibody against tRNA-specific modified nucleoside 1-methyladenosine, we can selectively detect blood tRNA derivatives from damaged tissues, including neuronal tissue, which serves as a potential marker of early tissue damage. This preliminary study aimed to investigate the correlation between tRNA derivatives and clinical outcomes in patients with acute anterior large vessel occlusion, especially those who underwent endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).
Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion were prospectively enrolled in this study. Plasma tRNA derivatives were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with an anti-modified nucleoside 1-methyladenosine antibody.
Results: Seventeen patients were included. The plasma tRNA derivatives concentrations on admission increased significantly, corresponding to the infarction size (r = 0.492, p = 0.038), and were associated with clinical outcomes (p = 0.00309). A good clinical outcome (90-day modified Rankin scale score: 0-2) was achieved in seven patients (41.2%), and all had undergone EVT. Among these patients, tRNA derivatives concentrations were the only preoperative predictor, which was associated with good outcomes (modified Rankin scale score: 0-2) and was significantly lower than those with poor outcomes (modified Rankin scale score: 3-6) (p = 0.0333). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that a tRNA derivative value of ≤ 142.0 mg/mL was associated with good clinical outcomes, with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 100% (area under the curve, 0.952; 95% confidence interval: 0.82-1).
Conclusion: tRNA derivatives concentration may be a sensitive marker of early brain damage in patients with acute large vessel occlusion. Patients with low levels of tRNA derivatives on arrival are likely to benefit from thrombectomy and have the potential to achieve good clinical outcomes.
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