The drive to sleep is strongly influenced by time of day, with temporal information conveyed through the circadian clock. In pursuit of the neural mechanisms underlying this process, in this issue of Neuron, Sun et al. identify a novel circuit that links circadian output neurons to sleep-promoting neurons within the mushroom bodies.
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The Functional Connectome Mediating Circadian Synchrony in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus.
bioRxiv
December 2024
Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA.
Circadian rhythms in mammals arise from the spatiotemporal synchronization of ~20,000 neuronal clocks in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN). While anatomical, molecular, and genetic approaches have revealed diverse cell types and signaling mechanisms, the network wiring that enables SCN cells to communicate and synchronize remains unclear. To overcome the challenges of revealing functional connectivity from fixed tissue, we developed MITE (Mutual Information & Transfer Entropy), an information theory approach that infers directed cell-cell connections with high fidelity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZebrafish Dark-Dependent Behavior Requires Phototransduction by the Pineal Gland.
J Pineal Res
November 2024
School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Located dorsally underneath a thin translucent skull in many teleosts, the pineal gland is a photoreceptive organ known as a key element of the circadian clock system. Nevertheless, the presence of additional routes of photoreception presents a challenge in determining its specific roles in regulating photic-related behavior. Here, we show the importance of the pineal gland in mediating a prolonged motor response of zebrafish larvae to sudden darkness, both as a photodetector and as a circadian pacemaker.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynaptic connectome of the Drosophila circadian clock.
Nat Commun
December 2024
Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on understanding the circadian clock's role in regulating daily biological processes by creating a detailed connectivity map of the Drosophila (fruit fly) brain.
- Researchers found that the Drosophila circadian network has around 240 neurons, more than previously thought, and discovered new pathways for light input to these clock neurons.
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Effects of chronodisruption and alcohol consumption on gene expression in reward-related brain areas in female rats.
Front Mol Neurosci
November 2024
Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Circadian dysfunction caused by exposure to aberrant light-dark conditions is associated with abnormal alcohol consumption in humans and animal models. Changes in drinking behavior have been linked to alterations in clock gene expression in reward-related brain areas, which could be attributed to either the effect of chronodisruption or alcohol. To date, however, the combinatory effect of circadian disruption and alcohol on brain functions is less understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransvaginal double-layer parallel in-situ suturing for early complex vesicovaginal fistula repair: Case report.
Medicine (Baltimore)
October 2024
Department of Urology, Linyi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shandong Province, China.
Rationale: Complex vesicovaginal fistulas (VVFs) with large defects pose significant surgical challenges. Traditional repair methods often require extensive tissue separation and multilayer suturing, risking local blood supply and healing. This study introduces a novel modified transvaginal repair technique that simplifies the procedure while preserving tissue vascularity.
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