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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for community-based HIV testing on men's engagement in the HIV care cascade. | LitMetric
Objective : Men with HIV are less likely than women to know their status, be on antiretroviral therapy, and be virally suppressed. This review examined men's community-based HIV testing services (CB-HTS) outcomes.Design : Systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods : We searched seven databases and conference abstracts through July 2018. We estimated pooled proportions and/or risk ratios (for meta-analyses) for each outcome using random effects models.Results : 188 studies met inclusion criteria. Common testing models included targeted outreach (e.g. mobile testing), home-based testing, and testing at stand-alone community sites. Across 25 studies reporting uptake, 81% (CI: 75-86%) of men offered testing accepted it. Uptake was higher among men reached through CB-HTS than facility-based HTS (RR = 1.39; CI: 1.13-1.71). Over 69% (CI: 64-71%) of those tested through CB-HTS were men, across 184 studies. Across studies reporting new HIV-positivity among men ( = 18), 96% were newly diagnosed (CI: 77-100%). Across studies reporting linkage to HIV care ( = 8), 70% (CI: 36-103%) of men were linked to care. Across 57 studies reporting sex-disaggregated data for CB-HTS conducted among key populations, men's uptake was high (80%; CI: 70-88%) and nearly all were newly diagnosed and linked to care (95%; CI: 94-100%; and 94%; CI: 88-100%, respectively).Conclusion : CB-HTS is an important strategy for reaching undiagnosed men with HIV from the general population and key population groups, particularly using targeted outreach models. When compared to facility-based HIV testing services, men tested through CB-HTS are more likely to uptake testing, and nearly all men who tested positive through CB-HTS were newly diagnosed. Linkage to care may be a challenge following CB-HTS, and greater efforts and research are needed to effectively implement testing strategies that facilitate rapid ART initiation and linkage to prevention services.
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