We aimed to develop an amino acid sequence-dependent analytical method using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The detailed analysis of the NIR spectra of eight different amino acid aqueous solutions (glycine, alanine, serine, glutamine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and proline) revealed different spectral patterns characteristic of different amino acid residues in the 6200-5700 and 5000-4200 cm regions, and the amino acids were identified based on the patterns. The spectra in the region of 5000-4500 cm for tripeptide organic solutions that were composed of the aforementioned eight amino acids clearly showed the spectral differences depending on the amino acid species and amino acid sequences. Namely, tripeptide species were clearly differentiated from each other based on the spectral pattern of NIR bands due to the combinations of N-H stretching and amide II/III modes and those derived from the first overtones of amide II and amide I. The quantitative evaluation of changes in the concentrations of dipeptides and tripeptides composed of two different amino acids, glycine and proline was performed using partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis and a combination of bands for amide modes. The calibration and validation results with high determination coefficients ( ≥ 0.99) were successfully obtained based on the amino acid sequences. The results not only revealed the usefulness of NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool for synthesizing peptides in a micro flow reactor but also proposed a general method for quantitatively analyzing NIR spectra obtained in the course of chemical synthesis.
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Viruses
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
The feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is a highly contagious virus that affects cats worldwide, characterized by leukopenia, high temperature and diarrhea. Recently, the continuous prevalence and variation of FPV have attracted widespread concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the isolation, genetic evolution, molecular characterization and epidemiological analysis of FPV strains among cats and dogs in China from 2019 to 2024.
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December 2024
Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
Recently, we demonstrated that the oncolytic Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) strain PD-H can be efficiently adapted to resistant colorectal cancer cells through dose-dependent passaging in colorectal cancer cells. However, the method is time-consuming, which limits its clinical applicability. Here, we investigated whether the manufacturing time of the adapted virus can be reduced by replacing the dose-based passaging with volume-based passaging.
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December 2024
Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe disease in humans, with mortality as high as 90%. The small-molecule antiviral drug remdesivir (RDV) has demonstrated a survival benefit in EBOV-exposed rhesus macaques. Here, we characterize the efficacy of multiple intravenous RDV dosing regimens on survival of rhesus macaques 42 days after intramuscular EBOV exposure.
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December 2024
Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
This study investigated a library of known and novel glycyrrhizic acid (GL) conjugates with amino acids and dipeptide esters, as inhibitors of the DENV NS2B-NS3 protease. We utilized docking algorithms to evaluate the interactions of these GL derivatives with key residues (His51, Asp75, Ser135, and Gly153) within 10 Å of the DENV-2 NS2B-NS3 protease binding pocket (PDB ID: 2FOM). It was found that compounds and exhibited unique binding patterns, forming hydrogen bonds with Asp75, Tyr150, and Gly153.
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December 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
During virus infection, the activation of the antiviral endoribonuclease, ribonuclease L (RNase L), by a unique ligand 2'-5'-oilgoadenylate (2-5A) causes the cleavage of single-stranded viral and cellular RNA targets, restricting protein synthesis, activating stress response pathways, and promoting cell death to establish broad antiviral effects. The immunostimulatory dsRNA cleavage products of RNase L activity (RL RNAs) recruit diverse dsRNA sensors to activate signaling pathways to amplify interferon (IFN) production and activate inflammasome, but the sensors that promote cell death are not known. In this study, we found that DEAH-box polypeptide 15 (DHX15) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (Rig-I) are essential for apoptosis induced by RL RNAs and require mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS), c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) for caspase-3-mediated intrinsic apoptosis.
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