Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from pathogenic protozoans play crucial roles in host-parasite communication and disease pathogenesis. is a free-living protozoan causing primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, a fatal disease in the central nervous system. This study aims to explore the roles of -derived EVs (-EVs) in host-pathogen interactions using the THP-1 cell line as a model. The -EVs were isolated from the trophozoite culture supernatant using sequential centrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The functional roles of -EVs in the apoptosis and immune response induction of THP-1 monocytes and macrophages were examined by flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and ELISA. Results showed that -EVs displayed vesicles with bilayer membrane structure approximately 130-170 nm in diameter. The -EVs can be internalized by macrophages and induce macrophage responses by induction of the expression of costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, and CD169 and the production of cytokine IL-8. However, -EVs did not affect the apoptosis of macrophages. These findings illustrate the potential role of -EVs in mediating the host immune cell activation and disease pathogenesis.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9231210 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11060632 | DOI Listing |
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