In electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) platform, the transfer of droplets from the EWOD boundary region (top plate and bottom plate) to the open region is challenging. The challenge is due to the resistance-like surface tension, friction from the top-plate edge, and the so-called boundary. For this purpose, we designed the top plate to minimize the friction resistance at the boundary. The experiment focused on Gibb's formula and successfully transferred the liquid droplet between the top plate and bottom plate boundary region under a high voltage environment. The threshold voltage for the successful transportation of the droplet between the boundary is 250 V which provides strong pressure to drive the droplet.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13060898 | DOI Listing |
PeerJ
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Actinopterygians (ray-finned fishes) successfully passed through the Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction (PTME) and flourished in the Triassic with diverse feeding specializations and occupation of various trophic levels. , one of the largest actinopterygian fish of the Triassic, was characterized by a strong, blunt rostrum and three rows of sharp cutting-edged teeth, making them the top predators in the Early Mesozoic oceanic ecosystem. These fishes rapidly radiated and diversified globally during the Early and Middle Triassic, but the fossil record is rare for the Neo-Tethys in the Late Triassic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev E
November 2024
Lam Research, Tualatin, Oregon 97062, USA.
We conduct experiments on a class of two-dimensional semiwet foams generated through compressing a three-dimensional soap foam between two glass plates. To induce a spatially uniform rupturing process on foam boundaries, an additional plate is heated and placed on top of the unheated plates. For 30 separate foam samples, we record network statistics related to cell side numbers and areas as the foam coarsens over a half-minute.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
December 2024
Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
Dendritic challenges in Li metal batteries are commonly resolved using porous three-dimensional (3D) current collectors, which have a significant issue in that Li is deposited from the top (top growth) of the structure rather than from the bottom (bottom growth), failing to effectively suppress dendrite growth and volumetric expansion. We propose the structure incorporating a gradient lithiophilic seed within a 3D framework by pulse electroplating Mg, specifically targeting the near bottom to promote bottom growth and achieve dense Li deposition. This method achieves precise control over the catalytic seed size and distribution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Osmangazi University (ESOGU), Eskisehir, 26040, Türkiye.
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are gaining attraction for large-scale energy storage systems due to their high safety, significant capacity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. On the other hand, the development of aqueous ZIBs is restricted by the limited practical application of zinc (Zn) because of the high reactivity of Zn in aqueous electrolytes, which results in the severe dendrite growth and parasitic side reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this study, heteroatom-doped carbon porous surface modification by laser-assisted carbonization of copper (Cu) doped polyaniline (PANI) is designed and fabricated on top of the Zn metal anode (c-Cu-PANI/Zn).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDent Mater
December 2024
Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. Electronic address:
Objective: Zinc oxide (ZnO) powder possesses antibacterial activity and although white in color, it can severely reduce the depth of cure (DoC) of resin-based composite (RBC). This study investigated the effect of unary and binary photoinitiator systems on the DoC and degree of conversion (DC) of formulated RBC containing ZnO-nanoparticles.
Methods: Fourteen RBCs (n = 3/group) were formulated consisting of 50 wt% mixture of monomers (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, and UDMA) and 50 wt% fillers (inert barium glass powder and silica nanoparticles).
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