The paper is concerned with development of an accurate and effective positivity-preserving high-order compact difference method for solving the Keller-Segel chemotaxis model, which is a kind of nonlinear parabolic-parabolic system in mathematical biology. Firstly, a stiffly-stable five-step fourth-order fully implicit compact difference scheme is proposed. The new scheme not only has fourth-order accuracy in the spatial direction, but also has fourth-order accuracy in the temporal direction, and the computational strategy for the nonlinear chemotaxis term is provided. Then, a positivity-preserving numerical algorithm is presented, which ensures the non-negativity of cell density at all time without accuracy loss. And a time advancement algorithm is established. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the numerical simulation for chemotaxis phenomena, and the accuracy, stability and positivity-preserving of the new scheme are validated with several numerical examples.
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