The relationship between serum exosome HBV-miR-3 and current virological markers and its dynamics in chronic hepatitis B patients on antiviral treatment.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can encode microRNA-HBV-miR-3, which can be detected in both HBV-infected cell lines and peripheral blood exosomes of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. This study was conducted to further evaluate its relationship with the current viral markers and their dynamics during antiviral therapy.

Methods: We used Stem-loop real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to quantify HBV-miR-3 in the serum exosomes of CHB patients by extracting exosomes using the Supbio exosome separation kit and designing primers and Taqman probes specific for HBV-miR-3. We conducted a cross-sectional study and two cohort studies. In the cross-sectional study, 48 treatment-naive (TN) CHB patients were enrolled. In the nucleoside analogues (NAs) cohort study, 20 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative CHB patients with negative HBV DNA on NA therapy were followed up for 96 weeks. In the NAs + pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) cohort study, 40 patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) <1,500 IU/mL, negative HBV DNA, and HBeAg after NAs treatment were enrolled and were switched to Peg-IFN therapy for 48 weeks. HBV-miR-3 titers and other viral markers were detected at different time points.

Results: HBV-miR-3 only existed in CHB patients with a concentration of 6.41±3.55 log10 copies/mL. HBV-miR-3 was positively correlated with HBV DNA, pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), and HBsAg. In the NAs cohort, HBsAg, pgRNA, and HBV-miR-3 levels showed little fluctuation during the 96 weeks of NA treatment (P>0.05). In the NAs + PEG-IFN cohort, HBsAg, pgRNA, and HBV-miR-3 levels declined significantly during the 48 weeks of sequential therapy (P<0.05).

Conclusions: HBV-miR-3 was positively correlated with HBV DNA, pgRNA, and particularly HBsAg in TN CHB patients. Peg-IFN following NA therapy had a positive impact on HBsAg, pgRNA, and HBV-miR-3 decrease.