Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a central component of protein synthesis and plays important roles in epigenetic regulation of gene expression in tumors. tRNAs are also involved in many cell processes including cell proliferation, cell signaling pathways and stress response, implicating a role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The complex role of tRNA in cell regulation implies that an understanding of tRNA function and dysregulation can be used to develop treatments for many cancers including breast cancer, colon cancer, and glioblastoma. Moreover, tRNA modifications including methylation are necessary for tRNA folding, stability, and function. In response to certain stress conditions, tRNAs can be cleaved in half to form tiRNAs, or even shorter tRNA fragments (tRF). tRNA structure and modifications, tiRNA induction of stress granule formation, and tRF regulation of gene expression through the repression of translation can all impact a cell's fate. This review focuses on how these functions of tRNAs, tiRNA, and tRFs can lead to tumor development and progression. Further studies focusing on the specific pathways of tRNA regulation could help identify tRNA biomarkers and therapeutic targets, which might prevent and treat cancers.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9198291 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.886642 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Live cell imaging of plant infection provides new insight into the biology of pathogenesis by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.
J Microsc
January 2025
The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast, one of the most serious diseases affecting rice cultivation around the world. During plant infection, M. oryzae forms a specialised infection structure called an appressorium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSilencing of the plant-derived horizontally transferred gene BtSC5DL effectively controls Bemisia tabaci MED.
Pest Manag Sci
January 2025
College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
Background: The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a notorious agricultural pest known for its ability to cause significant crop damage through direct feeding and virus transmission. Its remarkable adaptability and reproductive capacity are linked to its ability to acquire and integrate horizontally transferred genes (HTGs) into its genome. These HTGs increase the physiological and metabolic capacities of this pest, including cholesterol synthesis, which is critical for its survival and reproductive success.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCooperative and Independent Functionality of tmRNA and SmpB in : A Multifunctional Exploration Beyond Ribosome Rescue.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Pathogenesis and Control of Pathogenic Microorganisms Research Team, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan Province Key Laboratory of One Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
The trans-translation system, mediated by transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA, encoded by the gene) and its partner protein SmpB, helps to release ribosomes stalled on defective mRNA and targets incomplete protein products for hydrolysis. Knocking out the and genes in various pathogens leads to different phenotypic changes, indicating that they have both cooperative and independent functionalities. This study aimed to clarify the functional relationships between tmRNA and SmpB in a pathogen that poses threats in aquaculture and human health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCellular Partners of Tobamoviral Movement Proteins.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia.
The size of viral genomes is limited, thus the majority of encoded proteins possess multiple functions. The main function of tobamoviral movement protein (MP) is to perform plasmodesmata gating and mediate intercellular transport of the viral RNA. MP is a remarkable example of a protein that, in addition to the initially discovered and most obvious function, carries out numerous activities that are important both for the manifestation of its key function and for successful and productive infection in general.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPreliminary Evidence of a Horizontal Transfer of Paramutation Phenomenon at the Gene in Maize ( L.).
Plants (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Paramutation, a specific epigenetic phenomenon first identified in by Alexander Brink in the 1950s, has since been observed in different plant and animal species. What sets paramutation apart from other gene silencing processes is its ability for one silenced allele (referred to as paramutagenic) to silence another allele (paramutable) in trans. The resultant silenced allele (paramutated) remains stable across generations, even after separating from the paramutagenic allele, and acquires paramutagenic properties itself.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!