Bloodstream Infections in the Intensive Care Unit: a Single-Center Retrospective Bacteriological Analysis Between 2007 and 2019.

Hospital-acquired bloodstream infections are a severe worldwide problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This retrospective, single-center study aimed to analyze bloodstream infections in patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit of the Military Institute of Medicine, Poland. Data from the years 2007-2019 were analyzed. When the infection was suspected, blood samples were drawn and analyzed microbiologically. When bacterial growth was observed, an antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance analysis was performed. Among 12,619 analyzed samples, 1,509 were positive, and 1,557 pathogens were isolated. In 278/1,509 of the positive cases, a central line catheter infection was confirmed. Gram-negative bacteria were the most frequently (770/1,557) isolated, including (312/770), (165/770; 67/165 were the isolates that expressed extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), 5/165 isolates produced the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases (NDM), 4/165 isolates expressed carbapenemase (KPC), and 1/165 isolate produced OXA48 carbapenemase), (111/770; 2/111 isolates produced metallo-β-lactamase (MBL), and (69/770; 11/69 - ESBL). Most Gram-positive pathogens were staphylococci (545/733), mainly coagulase-negative (368/545). Among 545 isolates of the staphylococci, 58 represented methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Fungi were isolated from 3.5% of samples. All isolated MRSA and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative (MRCNS) strains were susceptible to vancomycin, methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) isolates - to isoxazolyl penicillins, and vancomycin-resistant (VRE) - to linezolid and tigecycline. However, colistin was the only therapeutic option in some infections caused by and KPC-producing . was still susceptible to cefepime and ceftazidime. Echinocandins were effective therapeutics in the treatment of fungal infections.