Background: Tim-3/Galectin-9 is involved in the immune escape of many pathogens. However, the role of Tim-3/Galectin-9 in persistent infection of Echinococcus multilocularis (Em), which is related to immune escape, is still unclear.
Objective: To investigate the role of Tim-3/Galectin-9 and related cytokines in mice with persistent infection of Em.
Methods: Em infection model was established by injecting the protoscoleces. Serum was collected at days 2, 8, 30, 60, 90, 180 and 270 after infection. Lymphocytes were isolated from liver tissue samples with Ficoll. Tim-3 + CD4 + T percentage was analyzed by flow cytometry. CD4 + T cells were isolated from liver tissues of Em infected mice and cultured in vitro. The mRNA levels of Tim-3, Galectin-9, IFN-γ and IL-4 were detected by qRT-PCR. Cytokine levels in serum and culture supernatant (IFN-γ and IL-4) were analyzed by cytometric bead array.
Results: The expression of Tim-3 and Galectin-9 mRNA significantly increased after 30 days of infection, reached peak on day 90, and then decreased slightly on days 180-270. The expression of IFN-γ mRNA, increased on day 2 and 8 after infection, slightly decreased on days 30-60, and obvious decreased on days 90-270, but were still higher than those of the control group. The expression of IL-4 mRNA gradually increased along with the time of infection. In serum of Em infected mice, level of IFN-γ peaked at day 30 and then gradually decreased; whereas IL-4 level peaked at day 90 and then gradually decreased. In vitro experiment found that Tim-3/Galectin-9 directly caused the changes in the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4.
Conclusions: Tim-3/Galectin-9 signaling pathway may be involved in the development of persistent infection of Em by regulating the production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07554-3 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Complex management of GS (Good's syndrome) with persistent COVID-19 infection and polymicrobial infections: A case report.
Heliyon
January 2025
Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen City, 361015, China.
This case report highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic complexities faced by a 56-year-old female with Good's syndrome (GS), who presented with persistent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection alongside spp, , and co-infection, which collectively contributed to severe pulmonary involvement. The report further emphasizes a multifaceted treatment approach, incorporating antivirals, antifungals, antimicrobials, immunoglobulins, and antifibrotic therapy, which ultimately led to an improvement in the patient's condition. It underscored the intricate challenges of managing immunocompromised patients with multiple concurrent infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrichohepatoenteric Syndrome: A Report of Two Children From Bahrain With a Novel Mutation and a Literature Review.
Cureus
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Military Hospital, Bahrain Defence Force Royal Medical Services, Riffa, BHR.
Trichohepatoenteric syndrome (THES) is a rare genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. THES primarily leads to neonatal enteropathy, typically manifesting as severe, persistent diarrhea, distinctive facial features such as frontal bossing and a broad flat nasal bridge, woolly and fragile hair, immunodeficiency resulting in recurrent infections, failure to thrive (FTT), and liver complications including fibrosis or cirrhosis. This multisystem disorder is linked to mutations in the tetratricopeptide repeat domain 37 (TTC37) gene, also known as superkiller complex (SKIC) protein 3, responsible for THES type 1, and the Ski2-like ribonucleic acid (RNA) helicase (SKIV2L) gene, also known as SKIC2, responsible for THES type 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDo Percutaneously Applied Medial Proximal Tibia Plates Need To Go Beneath the Pes Tendons?
Iowa Orthop J
January 2025
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA.
Background: Bicondylar tibial plateau fractures are often associated with significant soft tissue compromise making operative treatment challenging. Dual plating through a two-incision approach following temporary external fixation has been shown to improve complication rates although deep infection rates remain high.The objective was to evaluate early outcomes following a novel technique of percutaneous application of the medial plate superficial to the pes anserinus tendons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluation of the antibacterial properties of four bioactive biomaterials for chronic wound management.
Future Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA.
Aim: Chronic wound infections present a prevalent medical issue and a multifaceted problem that significantly impacts healthcare systems worldwide. Biofilms formed by pathogenic bacteria are fundamental virulence factors implicated in the complexity and persistence of bacterial-associated wound infections, leading to prolonged recovery times and increased risk of infection. This study aims to investigate the antibacterial effectiveness of commonly employed bioactive wound healing compositions with a particular emphasis on their effectiveness against common bacterial pathogens encountered in chronic wounds - , , and to identify optimal wound product composition for managing chronic wound infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCardiovascular Risk Prediction Models in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus under Antiretroviral Therapy in Northern Mexico.
Rev Invest Clin
January 2025
Department of Molecular Immunobiology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Torreón, Coah., Mexico.
Background: The effective use of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved the life expectancy of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, complications have shifted from opportunistic infections to issues such as drug toxicity and resistance, as well as an increase in premature cardiovascular diseases (CVD). These conditions are attributed to chronic immune activation and persistent inflammation caused by HIV, along with lipid abnormalities and insulin resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!