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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) frequently coexists with cardiorenal complications. Therefore, a holistic approach to patient management is required, with specialists such as primary care physicians, cardiologists, endocrinologists, and nephrologists working together to provide patient care. Although glycemic control is important in the management of T2D, patients with T2D and acceptable glycemic control are still at risk from cardiovascular (CV) events such as stroke, heart attack, and heart failure (HF).

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Department of Biomedical Engineering, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Rhodes Hall 593, 2851 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA.

Ejection fraction is commonly used to assess Duchenne muscular dystrophy-associated cardiomyopathy (DMDAC), but it may remain normal (wrongly) despite significant myocardial dysfunction in patients. Therefore, better indicators of myocardial dysfunction are needed for longitudinal (with time) assessment and treatment of DMDAC patients. This study evaluates non-invasive LV PV loop-derived elastance, contractility and efficiency in relation to EF for patients developing DMDAC.

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Background: Self-reported mental stress is not consistently recognized as a risk factor for stroke. This prompted development of a novel algorithm for stress-phenotype indices to quantify chronic stress prevalence in relation to a modified stroke risk score in a South African cohort. The algorithm is based on biomarkers adrenocorticotrophic hormone, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitive cardiac-troponin-T, and diastolic blood pressure which exemplifies the stress-ischemic-phenotype index.

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