Intracellular vesicles such as lysosomes contain micromolar to millimolar concentrations of Zn, and disturbing lysosomal Zn homeostasis via lysosomal Zn release leads to mitochondria damage and consequent lytic cell death. Methods have been developed to image cellular Zn dynamics. Here, we present a protocol using GZnP3, a genetically encoded fluorescent Zn indicator, to assess lysosomal Zn release in cultured cells by fluorescence microscopy imaging. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Du et al. (2021) or Minckley et al. (2019).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101453 | DOI Listing |
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
January 2025
Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
Car tyres are considered to release a substantial amount of particles to the environment. Due to the high emission volumes and the chemical risks associated with tyre rubber, there is an urgent need to quantify their ecotoxicological effects. The effects of exposure to particles derived from end-of-life tyres were investigated on the Baltic clam (Macoma balthica), which is one of the key invertebrate species living in the soft-bottom sediments of the northern Baltic Sea.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Control Release
January 2025
School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. Electronic address:
In the realm of gene therapy, given the exceptional performance of native exosomes, researchers have redirected their innovative focus towards exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (EMNs); however, the current design of most EMNs relies heavily on native cells or their components, inevitably introducing inter-batch variability issues and posing significant challenges for quality control. To overcome the excessive reliance on native cellular components, this study adopts a unique approach by precisely mimicking the lipid composition of exosomes and innovatively incorporating histone components to recapitulate the gene transfer characteristics of exosomes. We selected sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and cholesterol as the lipid components, and employed the double emulsion method to prepare biomimetic exosomes carrying histone A and PEDF-DNA plasmids (His-pDNA@EMNs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea.
The present study describes the differentiation process of male germ cells in Octopus vulgaris, the morphology of sperm in the testis and spermatophore, and the sperm released after the spermatophoric reaction. During spermatogenesis, the male sperm cell gradually elongates from a round shape, with cytoplasm shifting toward the head and the acrosome forming. Additionally, in the spermatid stage, the flagellum develops within the posterior nuclear channel and extends outside the cytoplasm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA.
Microglia respond to cytotoxic protein aggregates associated with the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Pathological protein aggregates activate the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome resulting in proinflammatory signaling, secretion, and potentially pyroptotic cell death. We characterized mixed sex primary mouse microglia exposed to microbial stressors and alpha synuclein preformed fibrils (αsyn PFFs) to identify cellular mechanisms related to Parkinson's disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Med
January 2025
International Center for Aging and Cancer (ICAC), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
Adenosine, a critical molecule regulating cellular function both inside and outside cells, is controlled by two human adenosine deaminases: ADA1 and ADA2. While ADA1 primarily resides in the cytoplasm, ADA2 can be transported to lysosomes within cells or secreted outside the cell. Patients with ADA2 deficiency (DADA2) often suffer from systemic vasculitis due to elevated levels of TNF-α in their blood.
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