In tropical areas, there are a variety of parasitic and nonparasitic causes of high-grade splenomegaly. An adolescent male patient with haemoglobin E/β-thalassaemia came with high-grade splenomegaly and severe anaemia, requiring blood transfusions on a regular basis. Treatment with folic acid and antioxidant vitamins reduced the requirement for blood transfusions, brought haemoglobin levels back to near normal, and reduced splenic enlargement. Haemoglobin E/β-thalassaemia is a haematological condition that causes anaemia and high-grade splenomegaly in the tropics. Initially, the disease was only seen in Southeast Asia, but it has since spread around the world due to migration from that region.
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