A delignification saturation point (DSP) was observed for bamboo alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment (AHP). Lignin removal was increased from 52.23% to ∼70% when increasing HO dosage from 0% to 2% at the optimum pH, but it cannot be further reinforced as increasing the HO. With partial lignin preserved, the glucan hydrolysis yield was found to have a ceiling of ∼80%. This study indicated a strong association between enzymatic digestibility and lignin removal. Anatomical analysis by fluorescence microscope and confocal Raman microscope revealed that the undegradable lignin was mainly existing in the cell corner of sclerenchyma fibers, causing the DSP in the bamboo AHP. Finally, the residual lignin in pretreated bamboo was characterized with GPC, HSQC NMR, and P NMR, which revealed the nature of DSP. This study could help to understand the lignin modification during the AHP and further contribute to the establishment of a chemical-saving biorefinery.
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