Effective cleaning of biological samples is a critical step in environmental studies. However, the literature lacks standardized cleaning procedures and protocols and there is little information about how even the most basic conditions may affect cleaning efficiency. Here, leaves of different species were first exposed to the soil naturally containing mercury particles and then washed in an ultrasound water bath under the following conditions: newly cleaned/reused beakers, water temperature, sample immersion/free-floating, sample quantity, and the number of washing cycles. Additionally, the effects of sample pubescence on cleaning efficacy were also assessed. Results indicated that the best cleaning efficacy was recorded when samples were placed in cold water under forced immersion and beakers were cleaned between washing cycles. At least two of these three conditions were needed for adequate washing. The results also indicated that, for the glabrous leaves, a cumulative leaf surface area of ≤10,000 mm was efficiently cleaned after 3-5 washing cycles, while as pubescence increased, 9-11 cycles were needed and often the sample quantity had to be reduced (<5,000 mm). Our experiments reveal that cleaning can be optimized by applying easy procedures and according to individual sample typology, resulting in faster and more effective cleaning. Novelty statementThe cleaning of samples is a frequent stage in the analytical processes of phytoremediation studies. This work provides new and valuable information to optimize the cleaning of plant samples by simply applying ultrasonic technology and distilled water. In fact, we have tested the influence of some factors never taken into account previously.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2022.2085241 | DOI Listing |
Talanta
January 2025
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising non-invasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. EVs proteins play a critical role in tumor progress and metastasis. However, accurately and reliably diagnosing cancers is greatly limited by single protein marker on EVs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
L-Aspartic acid (L-Asp) poses a dual function, which can affect the evaporation and crystallization process of the high-salinity brine by altering the physical or chemical properties of the salts. MSWI (municipal solid waste incineration) fly ash washing leachate, as a typical high-salinity brine, is utilized here to validate this hypothesis under the simulation guidance. Since L-Asp has stronger adsorption energy on the (110) crystal face of CaCO, L-Asp can facilitate the preferential growth of more valuable vaterite during the softening process (pretreatment before crystallization).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers for Medical Care in Textile Industry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
The demand for antibacterial, antifungal, and deodorant textiles has grown significantly with the increasing concern for health and hygiene. In this study, novel functional cotton fabric (EE) with long-lasting antibacterial, antifungal, and deodorant activity was prepared by graft modification with triclosan and eugenol. EE shows more than 99% antibacterial and antifungal activity against , , , and through mechanisms such as inhibiting enzyme activity and disrupting cell structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Agric Food Chem
January 2025
College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China.
Challenges emerge in the quest for highly efficient and biocompatible coatings to tackle microbial contamination. Here, we propose a bioinspired paradigm combining (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and l-arginine surfactants (LAM) as all-green building blocks for advanced coatings with superior performance. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the natural assembly process of the EGCG/LAM supramolecular nanoparticles (ELA NPs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
January 2025
School of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214021, China. Electronic address:
Perfluoroalkyl and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) release from textiles is a source of human exposure, but the mechanisms behind this release remain insufficiently studied. This research investigates the release and transport mechanisms of PFAS in outdoor jacket fabrics treated with a short side-chain fluorinated polymers (CF-SFPs) for durable water repellency (DWR). PA-based and PET-based fabrics were exposed to outdoor conditions and subjected to accelerated aging, followed by abrasion, washing, and drying experiments to simulate wear and degradation.
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