Optimization and Evaluation of Hydration Method for Cold Recovery of Oils and Defatted Meal from Pinus armandi Seed Kernels.

Large quantities of oils and proteins are demanded per year while their production needs environmentally friendly (green), safe, low cost, efficient and sustainable methods. Hydration method for producing Pinus armandi seed kernel oil and defatted meal rich in proteins was therefore developed, which had the following optimal conditions: baking kernels at 130 °C for 10 min, grinding them to pass through a 80-mesh sieve, mixing the ground kernel (10.00 g) with 1.00 mL of 8% brine or water and agitating at room temperature for 30 min. This method recovered 96.71% edible oil with vitamin E and K, phytosterols, carotenoids and squalene concentrated and de-oiled meal containing 57.98% proteins and 4.17% oils with ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, folate, total phenolic and flavonoids concentrated. It had higher recovery rate and other physicochemical indices of edible oil and was found to be more sustainable as compared with cold pressing, enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction and solvent extraction.