This study examined the application of an electromagnetic field to anaerobic digestion by using an electromagnetic system (ES), a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), and a control with no external force. The experimental work was performed by carrying out biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests using 1 L biodigesters. The bioelectrochemical digesters were supplied with 0.4 V for 30 days at 40 °C. The electromagnetic field of the ES was generated by coiling copper wire to form a solenoid in the BMP system, whereas the MEC consisted of zinc and copper electrodes inside the BMP system. The best performing system was the MEC, with a yield of 292.6 mL CH4/g chemical oxygen demand removed (CODremoved), methane content of 86%, a maximum current density of 23.3 mA/m2, a coulombic efficiency of 110.4%, and an electrical conductivity of 180 µS/cm. Above 75% removal of total suspended solids (TSS), total organic carbon (TOC), phosphate, and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) was also recorded. However, a longer exposure (>8 days) to higher magnetic intensity (6.24 mT) on the ES reduced its overall performance. In terms of energy, the MEC produced the greatest annual energy profit (327.0 ZAR/kWh or 23.36 USD/kWh). The application of an electromagnetic field in anaerobic digestion, especially a MEC, has the potential to maximize the methane production and the degradability of the wastewater organic content.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182473 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113372 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Magnetophononics and the chiral phonon misnomer.
PNAS Nexus
January 2025
The Harrison M. Randall Laboratory of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040, USA.
The direct, ultrafast excitation of polar phonons with electromagnetic radiation is a potent strategy for controlling the properties of a wide range of materials, particularly in the context of influencing their magnetic behavior. Here, we show that, contrary to common perception, the origin of phonon-induced magnetic activity does not stem from the Maxwellian fields resulting from the motion of the ions themselves or the effect their motion exerts on the electron subsystem. Through the mechanism of electron-phonon coupling, a coherent state of circularly polarized phonons generates substantial non-Maxwellian fields that disrupt time-reversal symmetry, effectively emulating the behavior of authentic magnetic fields.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNon-contact electroacoustic tomography with optical interferometer for electroporation therapy monitoring.
Appl Phys Lett
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, USA.
Electroacoustic imaging is an imaging modality used to detect electric field energy distribution during electroporation, offering valuable guidance for clinical procedures, particularly in deep tissues. Traditionally, single-element piezoelectric transducers or arrays have been employed for this purpose. However, these piezoelectric sensors are sensitive to electromagnetic interference and require physical contact with the sample through a coupling medium, raising concerns for both clinical and preclinical applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPreparation of Silicon Nanopillar Arrays Using Reactive Ion Etching with a Faraday Cage.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Faraday cages are extensively utilized in plasma-based etching and deposition processes to regulate ion behavior due to their shielding effect on electromagnetic fields. Herein, vertical silicon nanopillar arrays are fabricated through SF and O reactive ion etching. By incorporation of a Faraday cage in the plasma equipment, the impact of the Faraday cage on the morphology of the silicon nanopillars is analyzed; the Faraday cage blocks out the sputtered particles and eradicates the formation of silicon nanograss.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantum materials governed by emergent topological fermions have become a cornerstone of physics. Dirac fermions in graphene form the basis for moiré quantum matter and Dirac fermions in magnetic topological insulators enabled the discovery of the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect. By contrast, there are few materials whose electromagnetic response is dominated by emergent Weyl fermions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFField-particle energy transfer during chorus emissions in space.
Nature
January 2025
Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Chorus waves are some of the strongest electromagnetic emissions naturally occurring in space and can cause radiation that is hazardous to humans and satellites. Although chorus waves have attracted extreme interest and been intensively studied for decades, their generation and evolution remain highly debated. Here, in contrast to the conventional expectation that chorus waves are governed by planetary magnetic dipolar fields, we report observations of repetitive, rising-tone chorus waves in the terrestrial neutral sheet, where the effects of the magnetic dipole are absent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!