Green technological innovation (GTI) aims to realize management innovation and technological innovation with the goal of protecting the environment. The health model is an important aspect of evaluating whether a system is sustainable. There are few studies on the health of green technological innovation system (GTIS), and almost no indicators to evaluate whether GTIS status is sustainable. Here, we first put forward the concept and framework of GTI health. Drawing on the theoretical analysis of natural ecosystems and commercial ecosystems, a health evaluation index system of GTIS is constructed. Using panel data analysis, the GTI status of 30 provinces in China during 2012-2019 is evaluated, the health index and health grade are calculated, and the key factors affecting GTIS health are determined. Through robustness analysis, the consistency of the research framework is verified and several unique insights into the healthy development of GTIS are presented. The results show that there is heterogeneity in GTIS health grades in different provinces, but health grades of most provinces show upward trends within 8 years. Government funds, foreign direct investment, pollution control investment, green product sales revenue, and green technology trading volume are the foci of healthy improvement of GTIS, and they are all positive indicators.
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