Background: Progressive enlargement of the coronary artery (CA) diameters on serial echocardiography can support diagnosis of Kawasaki's disease (KD) even CA dimensions are within the normal range.
Methods: A single-center, retrospective study compared mean Z-scores of the proximal CA internal diameters in children hospitalized with non-KD febrile illnesses (FCs) with those of KD patients.
Results: A total of 223 patients with suspicion of KD have been admitted over a period of 16 years and data were evaluable for 176 children. Distributions for age, sex, and body surface area were similar for both groups. FC had a significantly shorter duration of hospitalization, higher levels of hemoglobin, lower levels of liver transaminases, and segmented neutrophils, respectively. The majority of FC patients (75/82, 91.5%) had normal CA Z-scores ( < 0.001) and only 3 (3.7%) had CA Z-score ≥2.5 standard deviation (SD). In KD, subjects (46/94, 49.5%) had a CA dilation (Z-score ≥2.5 SD) and the maximum CA Z-score (Zmax) was significantly higher compared with FC patients ( < 0.001). On serial echocardiograms, FC patients showed a mild decrease, whereas KD patients developed a significant increase of CA Zmax ( < 0.001). Seven KD patients had a segmental dilation of a CA which has been confirmed by cardiac catheter. In FC, no segmental dilation of any CA was documented by echocardiography.
Conclusion: This study found that mean CA dimensions in FCs were smaller and did not increase in serial echocardiograms compared with KD patients.
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