Wastewater-based epidemiology has shown to be a promising and innovative approach to measure a wide variety of illicit drugs that are consumed in the communities. In the same way as for illicit drugs, wastewater-based epidemiology is a promising approach to understand the prevalence of viruses in a community-level. The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created an unprecedented burden on public health and diagnostic laboratories all over the world because of the need for massive laboratory testing. Many studies have shown the applicability of a centralized wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach, where samples are collected at WWTPs. A more recent concept is a decentralized approach for WBE where samples are collected at different points of the sewer system and at polluted water bodies. The second being particularly important in countries where there are insufficient connections from houses to municipal sewage pipelines and thus untreated wastewater is discharged directly in environmental waters. A decentralized approach can be used to focus the value of diagnostic tests in what we call targeted-WBE, by monitoring wastewater in parts of the population where an outbreak is likely to happen, such as student dorms, retirement homes and hospitals. A combination of centralized and decentralized WBE should be considered for an affordable, sustainable, and successful WBE implementation in high-, middle- and low-income countries.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100405 | DOI Listing |
Sci Total Environ
December 2024
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States of America. Electronic address:
Measles is a highly transmissible disease of increasing concern due to waning vaccination contributing to a significant rise in measles cases, with 283 reported cases and 16 outbreaks in the U.S. as of November 7, 2024.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
December 2024
Center of Research Excellence in Wastewater Based Epidemiology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, United States of America; BioEnvironmental Science Program, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, United States of America. Electronic address:
This study was to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater samples from two wastewater treatment plants in Baltimore over a period of one year. The samples were concentrated by the Polyethylene Glycol 8000 (PEG) method, and RNA fragments were extracted using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit. RT-PCR and qPCR assays were performed, and Cq values below 40 were analyzed and presented as gene copies/L.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLett Appl Microbiol
December 2024
Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
This study evaluated a point-of-care (POC) device for wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) of SARS-CoV-2 circulation. Wastewater-based epidemiology is a critical tool but faces challenges such as laboratory infrastructure, sample transport, skilled personnel, and time-consuming methods. Currently, a rapid, portable solution for wastewater surveillance is lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Test Anal
December 2024
Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
Wastewater (WW)-based epidemiology (WBE) is a powerful tool for screening and surveillance of drugs (of abuse) or new psychoactive substances (NPSs) in larger population. Since the drug market changes frequently, it is crucial for WBE to define screening and surveillance biomarkers considering drug metabolism and (microbial) stability. The aims of the presented work were first to identify metabolites, potentially serving as a WBE biomarker of five deschloroketamine derivatives (DCKDs) in rat feces samples after oral administration in addition to already known urinary metabolites, and second to elucidate the microbial biotransformation and WW stability of five DCKDs and their metabolites detected in urine and feces.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Technol
December 2024
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
Wastewater surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases may provide early warning of outbreaks and identify areas to target for immunization. To advance wastewater monitoring of measles, mumps, and rubella viruses, we developed and validated a multiplexed RT-ddPCR assay for the detection of their RNA. Because the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is an attenuated live virus vaccine, we also developed an assay that distinguishes between wild-type and vaccine strains of measles in wastewater and validated it using a wastewater sample collected from a facility with an active measles outbreak.
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