Postoperative outcomes of cancer surgery in patients with and without kidney failure with dialysis therapy: a matched-pair cohort study.

Background: The difference in outcomes of cancer surgery between patients with and without kidney failure with dialysis therapy (KFDT) remains uncertain.

Methods: Using 2010-18 data in a national inpatient database in Japan, we identified patients who had undergone resection of colorectal, lung, gastric or breast cancer. We matched selected patient characteristics, type of cancer, surgical procedure and hospital of up to four patients without KFDT to each patient with KFDT. We assessed 30-day mortality and postoperative complications.

Results: Through matching, we identified 2248 patients with KFDT (807 with colorectal, 579 with lung, 500 with gastric and 362 with breast cancer) and 8210 patients without KFDT (2851 with colorectal, 2216 with lung, 1756 with gastric and 1387 with breast cancer). Postoperative complications occurred in a higher proportion of patients with KFDT than of those without KFDT after colorectal {20.3% versus 14.6%; risk difference (RD): 5.7% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.6%-8.8%]}, lung [18.0% versus 12.9%; RD: 5.1% (95% CI 1.6%-8.4%)], gastric [25.0% versus 13.2%; RD: 11.8% (95% CI 7.6%-16.2%)] and breast cancer surgery [7.5% versus 3.5%; RD: 3.9% (95% CI 1.1%-6.9%)]. Patients with KFDT had a higher 30-day mortality than those without KFDT after gastric cancer surgery [1.6% versus 0.3%; RD: 1.3% (95% CI 0.1%-2.3%)]. Heart failure and ischemic heart disease occurred more frequently in patients with KFDT.

Conclusions: Patients with KFDT had higher rates of postoperative complications and 30-day mortality; however, RDs varied between cancer types. The higher rates of postoperative complications in patients with KFDT were mainly attributable to cardiovascular complications.