Improvement of human myeloid and natural killer cell development in humanized mice via hydrodynamic injection of transposon plasmids containing multiple human cytokine genes.

Humanized mice reconstituted with a functional human immune system (HIS) are instrumental in studying human immunity and immune disorders in vivo. The poor or lack of cross-reactivity between mouse cytokines and human cells limits the development and/or function of human immune cell subsets including human myeloid, natural killer and B cells. Here we explored the potential to achieve long-term production of human cytokines in immunodeficient mice using a transposon-plasmid-based hydrodynamic injection approach. We constructed a transposon-plasmid carrying five human cytokine coding sequences (named PB-5F), and observed that four of the cytokines (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin (IL)-15, IL-6 and IL-3) were detectable in sera and three (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-15 and IL-6) showed long-term production in immunodeficient mice that received a single hydrodynamic injection of PB-5F plus the transposase plasmid (Super PB). Furthermore, a single injection of PB-5F/Super PB markedly enhanced the reconstitution of human myeloid cells and natural killer cells, and promoted human B-cell maturation in HIS mice. Taken together, our data revealed that hydrodynamic injection of the PB-5F/Super PB vectors may serve as a convenient and efficacious means to promote human immune function in HIS mice.