Studying Plant Stress Reactions In Vivo by PAM Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging.

Plant photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transfer chains (ETCs) are delicate environmental sensors and active players in stress acclimation. The performance of photosynthetic ETC can be deduced from chlorophyll a fluorescence. This makes chlorophyll fluorescence imaging a powerful tool to study plant stress in vivo. Many stress treatments enhance production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by photosynthetic or mitochondrial ETCs. These ROS affect cellular metabolism and signalling. Generation of ROS can be manipulated in planta by specific pharmacological treatments with methyl viologen (MV), antimycin A (AA), myxothiazol (myx), and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM). This chapter describes how chlorophyll fluorescence imaging together with pharmacological treatments can be employed to probe ROS-dependent plant stress reactions in vivo.