Prevalence of , , , , and Genes Involved in Biofilm Formation in Clinical Strains.

Introduction: Biofilm formation is one of the main virulence factors in infections. This study is aimed at investigating the presence of genes involved in biofilm formation in clinical isolates. . A cross-sectional study was conducted on 112 isolates. The biofilm formation assay was performed on all isolates. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by the disk diffusion method, and the presence of genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Isolates were typed with Rep-PCR.

Results: The results of biofilm formation demonstrated that 85 strains (75.9%) were biofilm producers, and 27 strains (24.1%) were nonproducer isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern in biofilm-positive and biofilm-negative isolates obtained from hospitalized patients showed a high rate of antibiotic resistance to amoxicillin with 95.7% and 92.3%, respectively. Based on PCR amplification results, the frequency of genes involved in biofilm formation among all isolates was as follows: (78.6%), (70.5%), (36.6%), (0%), and (77.6%). Rep-PCR typing demonstrated that 112 isolates were classified into 57 types according to 70% cut-off. The predominant type was A which contained 15 isolates. Moreover, 7 isolates were clustered in genotype B, followed by C type (6), D (4), E (4), F (4), G (4), H (3), I (3), J (3 isolates), and 12 genotypes, each containing two isolates. Also, 35 isolates were distributed in scattered patterns and showed single types.

Conclusion: Study results showed significant association between biofilm formation and resistance to antibiotics such as ceftazidime and meropenem. Analysis of Rep-PCR patterns indicated that the evaluated isolates were heterogeneous, relatively.