Refractive changes and visual quality in patients with corneal edema after cataract surgery.

Background: To assess visual quality and stabilization of refractive changes in corneal edema patients after cataract surgery, using visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity measurements.

Methods: Sixty-one eyes were analysed, twenty-three with and thirty-eight without corneal edema. Uncorrected and corrected distance VA (UDVA and CDVA) were determined with an EDTRS chart, the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) under photopic and mesopic illumination conditions with a CVS-1000e chart, clinical refraction, and corneal topography. Measurements were taken preoperatively, 1-2 days, 1 and 3-months after surgery. Clinical refraction was converted to vector notation (M, J, J) and SPSS v26.0 was used for data analysis.

Results: An improvement of VA was observed through the postoperative period; changes between visits were significant for CDVA in both groups and for UDVA in the edema sample. Significant astigmatic changes (J,J) between visits were not observed, but M values showed a hyperopic tendency in the edema group and a myopic shift in the control group that did not change between visits, with statistically significant differences between groups. Controls had significantly better contrast sensitivity at high spatial frequencies. Under mesopic conditions, global contrast sensitivity losses were observed in the edema group, which improved between visits in the middle frequency range.

Conclusion: Corneal edema patients had a significant reduction of CDVA, and frequency-selective sensitivity losses that evidence a visual quality loss. Clinical refraction may improve visual quality, but in edema patients these losses are related to corneal changes, which did not change at three months after surgery.