Enhanced photocatalytic treatment using plasmonic AgAgPO/AgAgCl nanophotocatalyst for simultaneous degradation of multiple parabens and UV-filters in various aquatic environments under visible light irradiation.

In this study, simultaneous photocatalytic degradation of different parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and butyl paraben) and UV filters (benzophenone-3, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, 2-ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino) benzoate, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and octocrylene) in water matrices was performed under visible light irradiation using novel double plasmonic AgAgPO/AgAgCl nanophotocatalyst, synthesized by an easy and fast photochemical conversion and photo-reduction. It was found that the nanophotocatalyst with appropriate mole ratio of AgAgPO/AgAgCl (1:3) showed superior photocatalytic activity than individual plasmonic nanoparticles. This is because there are two simultaneous surface plasmon resonances (SPR) generated by the metallic Ag nanoparticles, in addition to the hetero-junction structure formed at the interface between AgAgPO and AgAgCl. The structures of the synthesized photocatalysts were characterized, and the principal reactive oxygen species in the photocatalytic process were identified via a trapping experiment, confirming superoxide radicals (O) as the key reactive species of the photocatalytic system. The process of photodegradation of the target pollutants was monitored using an optimized method that incorporated solid-phase extraction in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The simultaneous photodegradation process was modeled and optimized using central composite design. The kinetic study revealed that the degradation process over AgAgPO/AgAgCl under visible light followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The simultaneous degradation of target compounds was further investigated in sewage treatment plant effluent as well as tap water. It was found that the matrix constituents can reduce the photodegradation efficiency, especially in the case of highly contaminated samples.